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The Mexican Revolution began in 1910, and didn't really abate until 1929--a period of almost twenty straight years of various uprisings, counterrevolutions, and violent protests. Guerrilla generals like Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapatas had made their mark, helping to overthrow plutocrats like Porfirio Diaz and dictators like Victoriano Huerta. Even so, any effort to bring an end to the fighting seemed doomed to cause more chaos; each President came into power with his own agenda and quickly became corrupt.
While Venustiano Carranza was president (after leading the charge to oust Huerta), he'd commissioned the writing of a new version of the Mexican Constitution in 1917, with the hope of bringing some peace to the nation. Unfortunately, he was assassinated in 1920, before many of his changes had really had a chance to take effect. While his replacement, Alvaro Obregon, had brought a little stability to Mexico, he soon proved himself to be just as corrupt as many of his predecessors.
The next President, Plutarco Calles, had been hand-picked by Obregon as presidential successor. However, his hardened anti-religion stance had resulted in an upswing of violence, a second phase of the Revolution called the Cristero War that lasted from 1926 until 1929 and cost 90,000 lives. Even though his term ended in 1928, he continued to pull the strings from behind the scenes, and the next three presidents were nothing more than puppets to his will.
Though most historians cite the end of the Cristero War as the point at which the Revolution ended, as it was the last real surge of organized revolutionary activity, there are others who argue differently. It wasn't until Lazaro Cardenas was made the President of Mexico in 1934 that the 1917 Constitution was implemented in an effective way; he abolished capital punishment, proving that he could govern without the use of violence, and ensured that the army had significantly less power over the legislature. He was also the first leader to voluntarily step down from his post once his term ended, marking the first legal transition of power in recent Mexican history.
It's estimated that Mexico lost about 2.1 million people over the course of the Revolution, a massive demographic cost. Of the Big Four men who'd spearheaded a lot of the major revolutionary activity, only Obregon and Villa lived past 1920, and both were violently killed. Carranza and Zapata also met untimely ends as a result of their beliefs and actions. The man who'd incited the original revolt against the Porfiriato, Francisco Madero, had also been overthrown and murdered while in office. But the two major oppressors of the Mexican people, Porfirio Diaz and Victoriano Huerta, died in relative comfort while in exile from the country. The economy and population would take decades to recover in any sort of meaningful way.
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